Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Rolfe
Anderson
Steven
Block
Mark
Brongersma
Kyeongjae
Cho
Hongjie
Dai
Shanhui
Fan
Martin J. Goldberg
Hari
Manoharan
Fabian
Pease
Michael McGehee
Calvin
Quate
Richard
Smalley
Peter Wagner
Shan
X. Wang
H.-S.
Philip Wong
Rolfe C. Anderson , Ph.D., Director of New Technology Development, ALZA Corporation. Dr. Anderson serves as Director of New Technology Development at ALZA Corporation where he manages the research and development of innovative drug-delivery methods and devices. Prior to that he was Senior Director of Device Integration at ACLARA BioSciences where he defined a new product (Plurex) that provides intensive multiplexing for genotyping assays, for which he built and led a team of 30+ from concept through launch.
From 1995 to 2000 Dr. Anderson worked at Affymetrix as Group Leader and Manager of Integrated Device Development where he successfully developed devices that carry out multi-step assays to analyze tissue samples using GeneChip arrays. These devices combine processes such as fluidic manipulation, nucleic-acid extraction, enzymatic reactions (such as PCR), and hybridization into a miniaturized format smaller than a credit card. For example, a system, aimed at HIV polymorphism detection executes 11 sequential processes encompassing a complete procedure from sample extraction through hybridization in a single miniature device and was featured in Science Magazine. He also developed microfabricated actuators and valves at Redwood Microsystems and received the M.S. degree in electrical engineering and the Ph.D. degree in chemical engineering in from University of California , Berkeley in 1990 and 1991, respectively.
Dr. Anderson is also the founder and coordinator of the Bay Area MEMS Journal Club, a monthly forum on microfabricated-device development, fabrication, and applications. Founded in 1993, the club has grown to over 700 members with monthly attendance of at least 40 scientists representing well over 20 companies, 3 universities and 4 national labs. He serves on the editorial board of Biomedical Microdevices, holds several issued patents in microfluidics and microactuation, numerous publications and has delivered many invited presentations both in the U.S. and Europe.
To TopSteven M. Block , Ph.D, Professor of Applied Physics and of Biological Sciences and Senior Fellow, by courtesy, at the Stanford Institute for International Studies. Prof. Block's interdisciplinary research lies at the interface of physics and biology, particularly the study of motor proteins – the proteins responsible for movement in organisms. His laboratory pioneered the use of laser-based optical traps (optical tweezers) in the nascent field of single molecule biophysics. His group was the first to develop instrumentation that resolved the nanoscale motions taken by biological motor proteins, in this case for the steps taken by individual kinesin motors moving along microtubules, which measure 8 nm. In recognition of this work, he received the Young Investigator Award of the Biophysical Society in 1994. More recently, his group was able to resolve the tiny, ~5 basepair (~1.5 nm) motions along DNA associated with the proofreading of messenger RNA during synthesis by RNA polymerase. Biological systems currently under study in his lab include kinesin, microtubules, polymerase, exonuclease, helicase, reverse transcriptase, RNA, DNA, and more.
In his scholarly activities, Block has worked consistently to forge links between the nascent nanotechnology and biotechnology communities. He delivered the keynote address on “What is Nanotechnology?” at the NIH's BECON Symposium on Nanotechnology in Bethesda , MD , in 2000 and the keynote address at the SAIC-sponsored Nanoscale/Molecular Mechanics Meeting in Maui , HI , in 2002. He is also the founder and organizer of the successful biennial Workshop on Single Molecule Biophysics, held at the Aspen Center for Physics, Aspen , CO . Block was elected President of the Biophysical Society in 2004.
Mark Brongersma , Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University. Prof. Brongersma’s research group is focused on the fabrication and characterization of nanometer-size electronic and optical devices. The ability to engineer materials at the atomic level has opened a myriad of possibilities for the advancement of technologies that impact the areas of semiconductors, telecommunications, chemistry, and biology.
Currently the group is interested in a range of optoelectronic materials and devices. They design, fabricate, and investigate the optical properties of metallic nanostructures for use in the smallest possible photonic devices. The group studies the potential use of ultra-high quality optical microresonators for biosensing and telecommunications applications. They are interested in the growth and physical properties of a variety of semiconductor nanowire structures.
Kyeongjae Cho , Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University . Prof. Cho's research interests are focused on computational engineering of nanomaterials mechanics using large-scale computer simulations. He uses atomistic simulation programs (both quantum and classical interatomic potentials) to perform computational experiments in virtual design space to study the relationship between mechanical properties and atomic structures of diverse materials including carbon nanotubes, electronic materials, and biomaterials. For a rigorous and systematic study, he is also developing multiscale simulation tools, which can efficiently combine the ab initio, atomistic, and continuum methods.
Hongjie Dai , Ph.D., Associate Professor, Chemistry, Stanford UniversityProf. Hongjie Dai's research group interfaces with chemistry, physics, materials science, and biophysics. They are interested in solid state and soft biological materials that have well-defined atomic structures. Ongoing projects include developing new synthetic routes to ordered nanomaterial architectures; electrical, mechanical, electromechanical and electrochemical characterizations at the nanoscale, and probing the real-space structures and functions of biological molecules. Their work is in the areas of materials chemistry, inorganic synthesis, electron transport studies, and scanning probe microscopy.
A specific research program involves the development of new chemical vapor deposition methods to synthesize ordered carbon nanotube architectures on surfaces. These novel nanowire architectures are ideal model systems for addressing fundamental physics problems in low dimensions, and for future device applications. Also, they are investigating nanowires in top-down nanofabrication applications. Using scanning probe microscopy techniques, the group studies the structural and mechanical properties of individual biological macromolecules, and elucidates the interactions between individual molecular pairs.
Shanhui Fan , Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering, Stanford University. Professor Fan’s research interests are in computational and theoretical studies of micro and nano-photonic structures and devices, including photonic crystals, microcavities, and plasmonic nanocircuits. A main theme of Prof. Fan’s research is the exploration of new optical physics, and computational device prototyping, through large-scale electromagnetic simulations.
Professor Fan received his Ph.D. in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1997.
Martin J. Goldberg, Ph.D., Vice President of Advanced Technology Research, Affymetrix Laboratories. During his tenure at Affymetrix, Dr. Goldberg has been involved in the development, scale-up and implementation of Affymetrix GeneChip® manufacturing process. Currently, Dr. Goldberg is leading the research and development of advanced technologies for fabrication, packaging, hybridization, and detection of ultra high-density oligonucleotide arrays.
Hari Manoharan , Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Physics and, by courtesy, of Electrical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University. Prof. Hari Manoharan conducts research projects involving regular use and development of single-atom and single-molecule manipulation techniques to assemble nanostructures that exhibit novel physical phenomena. In recent years these pursuits have involved pushing to single “spins” for novel applications in quantum information, communication, and data storage. The nanoscale manipulation techniques developed in his laboratory also have applications in several other fields beyond basic science, ranging from engineering to chemistry to biotechnology.
After earning his Ph.D. at Princeton University , Manoharan worked as a research scientist at IBM Almaden Research Center for 3 years, and then joined the faculty of Stanford University in the Department of Physics in 2001. He also holds courtesy faculty appointments in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Department of Materials Science & Engineering.
Manoharan has delivered nearly 75 invited plenary lectures, seminars, colloquia, and conference talks on his research since 1997, and holds several patents in the area of nanotechnology. He has received worldwide recognition for his achievements in nanoscience and correlated systems, with articles and features appearing in Nature; Physics Today; New Scientist; leading international newspapers such as The New York Times and Asahi Shinbun; broadcast interviews on TechTV; MSNBC; BBC News; and other venues. He was also recently profiled by U. S. News & World Report in its selection of Innovators of 2001. Recent awards include the IBM Invention Achievement Award (2000), IBM TEAM Patent Award (2000), Research Corporation Research Innovation Award (2002), ONR Young Investigator Award (2002), NSF CAREER Award (2002), and he was named an Alfred P. Sloan Fellow in 2002.
Michael McGehee, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University. Professor McGehee's research makes and characterizes nanostructured composites with novel electrical and optical properties containing semiconducting polymers with the goal of developing low-cost processes for depositing thin films with special electrical and optical properties onto virtually any substrate. Specifically, he uses self-assembly to make organic-inorganic nanostructures for photovoltaic cells, studies the relationship between polymer nanostructures and charge carrier mobility and makes polymer light-emitting diodes.
R. Fabian W. Pease , Ph.D., William Ayer Professor of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University. R. Fabian W. Pease is the William Ayer Professor of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University . His group's areas of research include micro- and nano-fabrication and their application to electronic and magnetic devices and structures. This work has included the original demonstration of lithography with the scanning tunneling microscope, exploring the limits of resolution of deep ultraviolet lithography, the invention of the micro-channel heat sink and non-conventional electron beam technology for semiconductor manufacturing.
R. Fabian W. Pease served as a radar officer in the Royal Air Force from 1955 to 1957, and received his B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. degrees from Cambridge University in 1960, 1962, and 1964, respectively. His Ph.D. thesis was on High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy. After graduating, he was an Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering at UC Berkeley for three years, where he continued his microscopy research. In 1967, Dr. Pease joined the technical staff of Bell Laboratories, where he first worked on digital television and later led a group that developed the processes for electron beam lithographic mask manufacture, and demonstrated a pioneering LSI circuit built with electron beam lithography.
Since 1978 he has been a Professor of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University . On sabbatical in 1993 and 1994, Dr. Pease conducted research on the synthesis of DNA microarrays at Affymetrix Corporation. From 1996 to 1998, he was assigned to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, where he initiated programs in Advanced Microelectronics and in Molecular-Level Printing.
Dr. Pease was appointed the William E. Ayer Professor of Electrical Engineering in March 2001. He is a Fellow of the IEEE, and has served the IEEE in a variety of capacities. He is also a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He has published over 200 articles and authored several book chapters.
Calvin Quate , Ph.D., Leland T. Edwards Professor (Research) of Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Applied Physics by Courtesy, Stanford University. Prof. Calvin Quate has made pioneering contributions in the field of microscopy with the Acoustic Microscope and the Atomic Force Microscope. The Acoustic instrument enables the imaging of elastic properties with a resolving power similar to the Optical microscope. The AFM is a powerful tool for characterizing surfaces with a resolving power sufficient to image single atoms.
The dominant theme of Prof. Quate’s research over the past decade has been the development and application of Scanning Probes Microscopes. His research group uses MEMS technology and micromachining to fabricate various form of cantilevers with integrated sensors and actuators. Sharp tips mounted on these cantilevers glide over the terrain and record the topography for microscopic imaging, or write patterns in resist for advanced lithography. These instruments are capable of resolving atomic structure when operating in a vacuum, but primarily they are used in ambient atmosphere to image nanoscale structures.
In Prof. Quate’s current program, he and his group are exploring methods of increasing both the scanning speed and the size of the scanned area. For the latter, they rely on arrays of cantilevers where the parallel tips simultaneously scan adjacent areas. This strategy is designed to improve the throughput of the scanning probe microscopes.
A parallel theme in Prof. Quate’s research work is the exploration of new tools for studying reactions of biological molecules. They use microcantilevers with their great sensitivity to monitor physical properties of biological reactions such as: the evolution of heat, the stress in molecular assemblies and the molecular charge of different conformations.
Prof. Quate was the recipient of the Third Millennium Medal of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in recognition of his contributions to electrical engineering. He is also the co-recipient of the 2000 Joseph F. Keithley Award from the American Physical Society for "pioneering contributions to nanoscale measurement science through . . . leadership in the development of a range of nanoscale force microscopes.".
Richard E. Smalley , Ph.D., Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, 1996 Nobel Prize Winner. Professor Smalley received his B.S. degree in 1965 from the University of Michigan and Ph.D. from Princeton in 1973, with an intervening four-year period in industry as a research chemist with Shell. During a postdoctoral period with Lennard Wharton and Donald Levy at the University of Chicago, he pioneered what has become one of the most powerful techniques in chemical physics; supersonic beam laser spectroscopy. After coming to Rice University in 1976 he was named to the Gene and Norman Hackerman Chair in Chemistry in 1982. He was a founder of the Rice Quantum Institute in 1979, and served as the Chairman from 1986 to 1996.
In 1990 he became a Professor in the Department of Physics and was appointed University Professor in 2002. He was the founding director of the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at Rice from 1996 to 2002, and is now Director of the new Carbon Nanotechnology Laboratory at Rice. In 1990 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences, and in 1991 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is the recipient of the 1991 Irving Langmuir Prize in Chemical Physics, the 1992 International Prize for New Materials, the 1992 E.O. Lawrence Award of the U.S. Department of Energy, the 1992 Robert A. Welch Award in Chemistry, the 1993 William H. Nichols Medal of the American Chemical Society, the 1993 John Scott Award of the City of Philadelphia, the 1994 Europhysics Prize, the 1994 Harrison Howe Award, the 1995 Madison Marshall Award, the 1996 Franklin Medal, the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the Distinguished Public Service Medal awarded by the US Department of the Navy in 1997, the 2002 Glenn T. Seaborg Medal, and the 2003 Lifetime Achievement Award of Small Times Magazine.
He is widely known for the discovery and characterization of C60 (Buckminsterfullerene, a.k.a the “buckyball” ), a soccerball-shaped molecule which, together with other fullerenes such as C70, now constitutes the third elemental form of carbon (after graphite and diamond). His current research is on buckytubes, elongated fullerenes that are essentially a new high tech polymer, following on from nylon, polypropylene, and Kevlar. But unlike any of these previous wonder polymers, these new buckytubes conduct electricity. They are likely to find applications in nearly every technology where electrons flow. In February of 2000 this research led to the start up of a new company, Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc. which is now developing large scale production and applications of these miraculous buckytubes.
Peter Wagner, Ph.D., Founder, Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer, Zyomyx. Dr. Wagner is an internationally recognized expert with over 12 years of experience in surface biochemistry and is one of the early pioneers in biological scanning probe microscopy. During the past decade, Dr. Wagner developed a number of new methodologies in single molecule biophysics, nanotechnology and surface chemistry. Prior to joining Zyomyx, Dr. Wagner was awarded a Humboldt Fellowship for research at Stanford University to develop ultrasensitive biosensors and to further integrate surface chemistry and biochemistry with a focus on protein immobilization and micro- and nanostructuring.
Shan X. Wang, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Materials Science and Engineering and jointly Electrical Engineering, Stanford University. Prof. Wang received his B.S. degree in physics from the University of Science and Technology of China in 1986, M.S. in physics from Iowa State University in 1988, and Ph.D. in electrical and computer engineering from Carnegie Mellon University in 1993.
Prof. Shan Wang’s research interests include bio-magnetic sensors, nanobiotechnology, magnetic integrated inductors, magnetoresistive materials and spin electronics, magnetic inductive heads and soft magnetic materials. The explosive growth of magnetic information storage capacity in the past decade has generated great challenges in magnetic materials, including high anisotropy magnetic recording media, high saturation magnetization soft magnetic films, and highly magnetoresistive spin electronic materials. His group is working on some of these new materials and devices that are necessary for magnetic recording to sustain its growth beyond an areal data density of 100 billion bits per squared inch. The requirement of magnetic media with sub-10-nanometer grain sizes and magnetic heads with nanometer-scale features are pushing magnetic information storage research well into the realm of nanoscale science and technology. In addition to hard disk drives, magnetic nanotechnology has great potentials in many areas such as integrated inductors, magnetic random access memory, and bio-magnetic sensing. For example, magnetic nanoparticles (sphere) are being developed to tag unknown DNA fragments (single strand). The latter hybridize with known oligonucleotide probes and become immobilized on a magnetic sensor. The detection of magnetic nanoparticles then allows us to identify and quantify the unknown DNA fragments that are complimentary to the probes.
He is currently the director of the Stanford Center for Research on Information Storage Materials (CRISM), and is an associate professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering and jointly in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University. He has published over 80 papers and is co-author of Magnetic Information Storage Technology (Academic Press). Prof. Wang served as a member of IEEE Magnetics Society Administrative Committee (1998-2000, 2002-present) and chair of the Santa Clara Valley Chapter of IEEE Magnetics Society (1999-2000). His awards include IEEE Distinguished Lecturership from the Magnetics Society (2001-2002), Frederick Terman Faculty Fellowship at Stanford University (1994-1997), and CUSPEA program sponsored by Nobel Laureate T. D. Lee (1986).
H.-S. Philip Wong, Ph.D., Senior Manager, Nanoscale Materials, Processes, and Devices, IBM Research T.J. Watson Research Center . H.-S. Philip Wong joined the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center , Yorktown Heights , New York , in 1988, as a Research Staff Member. He is now Senior Manager of the 50-member Department of Nanoscale Materials, Processes, and Devices. He has the responsibility of shaping and implementing IBM's strategy on nanoscale science and technology. Prior to this appointment, he has been Senior Manager of the Exploratory Devices and Integration Technology Department. His was responsible for defining and executing IBM's exploratory devices and technology roadmap for silicon technology.
While he has managed a wide range of technical activities from e-beam lithography, silicon device physics and materials, molecular electronics and assemblies, nanotechnology, to quantum device modeling, he maintains an active personal research career that centers on solid-state devices, device physics and fabrication technology, system applications of nano- and micro-electronic devices, and solid-state image sensors.
In the area of nanotechnology, he collaborates with the team that demonstrated carbon nanotube FETs with record performance and the first complementary carbon nanotube inverter. His role has been on device fabrication and performance assessment. He is the recipient of the 2003 Jack Raper Award of the ISSCC for a paper on nanotube FETs.
He is a Fellow of the IEEE and serves on the IEEE Electron Devices Society (EDS) as elected AdCom member. He serves on the IEDM committee from 1998 to 2004 and serves on the ISSCC program committee from 1998 – 2004. He is a Distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE EDS. He has taught several short courses at the IEDM, ISSCC, Symp. VLSI Technology, SOI conference, and SPIE conferences.
