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		The Fundamental Computer Security elective consists of the 3 modules below and is highly recommended if you do not have foundational knowledge of security concepts, or if you are unable to easily answer these sample questions. COMPUTER SECURITY PRINCIPLES This module covers security objectives such as authentication, authorization, access control, confidentiality, data integrity, and non-repudiation. The module also covers software design principles including the principles of least privilege, fail-safe stance, and defense-in-depth. INTRODUCTION TO CRYPTOGRAPHY This module covers both symmetric encryption and public-key cryptography, discussing how they are used to achieve security goals and build PKI (Public-Key Infrastructure) systems. The module also covers DES, 3DES, AES, RC4, RSA, ECC, MD5, SHA-1, X.509, digital signatures, and all cryptographic primitives necessary to understand PKI. Diffie-Hellman key exchange and man-in-the-middle attacks will also be discussed. SECURE PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES This module discusses the threats that worms and hackers present to software and the programming techniques that developers can use to defend against software vulnerabilities such as buffer overflows, SQL injection, and off-line dictionary attacks. The module also covers common mistakes made in using cryptographic libraries and how they can be avoided.